Summary


A number of visits have been arranged by XYZ Processing Industry (Pvt) Ltd. andthe problems (particularly in the regard of pH stability of dyeing bath) werediscussed with the management of industry. After studying all the process andworking conditions we have done initial study to solve the problems whichmanagement of XYZ Processing industry were facing. In this preliminary studywe prepare different buffer solutions and dyed two sets of shade i.e. Olive andBeige, and compared the results on same shade by using XYZ Buffer solution.


The corresponding colorimetric data for each dyeing withdifferent buffer solution are displayed in the attached sheets. By using buffersolution 1, 3 and 7 the values of K/S are higher than Buffer Solution No. 8, whichis of XYZ industry. A higher value of K/S means the higher depth of colour. Similarlylower value of L* for the same buffer solutions also proves the results. Thehue of these solutions are also according to Munsell equation, having the lowervalue of a*. On the other hand due to the higher value of a* the hue hasconsiderably change for XYZ's buffer solution. This high value of a* may impartthe fastness results also. By considering this data and on visual assessment ofshade, Buffer Solution No. 1,3 and 7 are found to be most suitable in terms ofrequired shade and also the chemicals used which ultimately reduced theproduction cost.


Introduction


Colour has been playing a dominant role in the life of manfrom time immemorial. Even in the prehistoric times, the ancestors of man musthave noticed (perhaps with or without understanding) the abundance of multitudeof colours worn by nature. Thus he must have wondered at the spread oftransient bright golden colour on the diffused clouds and on the landscapeduring dawn and sunset, the "VIBGYOR" colours of a rainbow, the vastexpanse of the blue sky on a cloudless day or acres and acres of land crownedwith chlorophyll dominated green coloured vegetation or even an infinitevariety of plants and trees, bearing flowers and fruits of varied colours of analmost innumerable combination of yellow, red and blue hues in different depthsand shades or even the multi-coloured stripes and dots on the bodies of thebirds of the sky, animals of the land and the fish of the sea. With the growthof intelligence in man, he must also have noticed that most of the colours hesaw in nature (colours at sunset, flowers on plants etc.) were not permanent;the fading of the colours of leaves changed to yellow or brown due to ageing,etc. There might have been an urge in him to try to retain the pleasing coloursfor longer periods and working in this direction, he might have found thatcertain plant juices and extracts from organisms produced colours which wouldlast long.


Textile is the backbone of Pakistan's economy and sharesmore than 60% of the exports of Pakistan. Cotton being the main crop in Pakistan attracts more attention, as it is still the principal raw material for the textileindustry in the world. Polyester is second important fiber used in textile madeup, as a pure as well as blends with cotton, Polyester cotton can be dyed withdisperse and direct dye.


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About the Authors


The authorsare Scientists at Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research(PCSIR) Lab Complex Karachi.