The Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) is used to makeobjective measurements of hand properties. The KES instruments measuremechanical properties that correspond to the fundamental deformation of fabricsin hand manipulation. Five different tests can be performed using KES and themain mechanical characteristics produced, are described below.
The Kawabata system of instruments, featured in the fabrichand laboratory, measures properties of textile fabrics and predicts theaesthetic qualities perceived by human touch. The Kawabata Evaluation System(KES) includes five highly sensitive instruments that measure fabric bending,shearing, tensile and compressive stiffness, as well as the smoothness andfrictional properties of a fabric surface. This evaluation can includemeasurement of the transient heat transfer properties associated with thesensation of coolness generated when fabrics contact the skin during wear. KESprovides a unique capability, not only to predict human response, but also toprovide an understanding of how the variables of fiber, yarn, fabricconstruction and finish contribute to the perception of softness. A standardspecimen size of 20 x 20 cm is used in three replications. All measurements aredirectional, except for compression, and are made in both the lengthwisedirection, and in the crosswise direction of the sample. Appropriate instrumentsettings are used for the material being tested.
Scientifically designed protocols used to determinesubjective ratings or rankings of fabric softness are also conducted in thelaboratory. These studies analyze tactile response to the texture, softness,and other hand properties of fabric materials. Human panel evaluations, used inconjunction with the KES are useful for engineering desirable hand qualitiesinto textile materials.
The system was developed by a team lead by ProfessorKawabata in the department of polymer chemistry, Kyoto University Japan. The initial work started in 1968 and the system became commercially available in its presentform since 1978.
The system was originally aimed at the objective evaluationof fabric hand, but the sensitivity and comprehensiveness of the tests offeredby the system led to its widespread application in other areas such as product,process development process control.
Theauthors are associated with Applied Chemistry Research Centre (TextileSection), PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Off University Road, Karachi, Pakistan
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